Visual Effects:
There are different types of Visual Effects that help create
the idea of something happening on screen that is not actually happening in
front of the camera. One type of visual effect is called Matte Painting. Matte
painting is where elements of what are scene on screen, like the background,
are painted onto clear glass, with holes left in the clear glass for the
footage of the actors’ scene to be added into this space. The compilation of
the different layers is done though compositing. Compositing is the combination
of different visual elements into single images to create the illusion that the
different elements are part of the same scene. Computer Generated Images (CGI)
is the modern version of matte painting. CGI are images that are designed in a
computer that are added to the footage in post-production. Another VFX
technique is the idea of morphing, morphing is when one object or person
seamlessly transforms into another object or person without there being a cut
between the change. The lack of the cutaway makes the change more believable to
the audience. The point of VFX is to make the unbelievable seam believable to
the audience and to create a real sense of verisimilitude in the world of the
film. Animation can also be used as a form of visual effect in the form of 3D
graphics and rotoscoping as a way to assist CGI. Both blue and green screens
are used so that Chroma Key technology can be used to film subjects in front of
a static background and then replaced with the real background later. The only
difference between green screen and blue screen is the colour as digital
cameras respond better to green colours whereas traditional 16mm cameras
respond better to blue colours.
Many of these different techniques can be seen in the 2015
film ‘Jurassic World’. At 0:55 seconds into clip 1*, CGI can be seen as
dinosaurs are extinct. The effect of them being there in the same shot as the
actor makes the audience believe (for the duration of the scene) that dinosaurs
do exist. This would have been accomplished though compositing the footage of
the actor acting as if the dinosaurs were there and CGI graphics of the
dinosaurs that were created specifically so that the dinosaurs react to the
performance of the actor.
At 0:59 seconds of clip 2**, green screen is being used.
During the scene where the kids are getting attacked by the Indominus Rex,
green screen has been used during the close ups of the kids in the Gyrosphere.
The green screen is then replaced with the blurred background of the outside
moving quickly to create the illusion that they are moving quickly. This is
done so that the audience believe that a Gyrosphere exists when that technology
is not common yet.
At 0:26 seconds of clip 3***, motion capture can be seen as
the three dinosaurs are being acted by men in motion capture suits. The motion
capture helps the CGI animators to know where the dinosaur should be in regards
to where the actor is. The motion capture suits would have points on the suit
that allows the animator to know where the leg or the arm would be at that
specific moment. This helps the scene be more believable to the audience as the
CGI would fit better with the filmed action and make the compositing more
fluent.
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